Since violence and insecurity forced millions of Venezuelans out of the country, Brazil has welcomed nearly 50,000 Venezuelan refugees, most arriving in the northern state of Roraima. In order to reduce the overcapacity of refugees settling in Roraima, the federal government, together with UNHCR and IOM, launched Operation Welcome (Operação Acolhida), the joint relocation strategy to disperse the refugee population across several municipalities.

Much attention has recently been made towards the preservation of the Brazilian rainforest, as ecosystem services are impacted by intensifying climate change. Compounding natural hazards, resulting in high temperatures and increased flooding, put the country under severe threat, with the indigenous population of the Amazon made particularly vulnerable.