Armed militia contributes to a high degree of violence and insecurity in many regions across Pakistan, namely within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan provinces, both already marked by their remoteness and high rate of poverty.

Pakistan is also vulnerable to numerous natural hazards, including flooding and earthquakes, both seasonal and recurring. In addition to the disaster events which pose as a challenge to infrastructure development, Pakistan is host to over 1 million refugees, exacerbating the strain on distributing critical resources and opening livelihood opportunities to both local and displaced populations.